La semantics e aʻo i ka manaʻo o nā huaʻōlelo, nā ʻōlelo, a me nā ʻōlelo, a me nā loli i ka manaʻo i loaʻa iā lākou i ka wā.
ʻO ka Semantics kekahi ʻāpana o semiotics, i loaʻa mai ka ʻatikala e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio i loko o nā hui kanaka, ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai maʻamau o nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona, i kumu no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hana a pau o ke kanaka.
Aia i loko o nā semantics:
- El manaʻo ʻo ia ka pilina ma waena o nā huaʻōlelo a me nā manaʻo.
- E hoʻoholo ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana me ka akaka, ka pololei a me ka pololei i ke ʻano o kahi huaʻōlelo a i ʻole ke ʻano o kekahi kanaka a mea paha
- Una manaʻo ʻo kēlā me kēia manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo e like me nā pōʻaiapili
- Una wehewehe He manaʻo ia e hoʻāʻo ʻia e hōʻike ma ke ʻano univocal a me ka pololei o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka manaʻo a i ʻole ka huaʻōlelo a i ʻole ka manaʻo o kahi ʻōlelo a ʻōlelo paha.
- Un kahua semantic ʻO ia ka pūʻulu o nā huaʻōlelo a i ʻole nā ʻōlelo i pili pono kekahi i kekahi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻāpala, ka ʻalani, ka ʻōmato, ka kukumba ... hoʻokumu i hoʻokahi māla semantic i ka wā e pili ana i "nā hua o kahi mea kanu"
- I ka nānā ʻana i ka semantic o kahi huaʻōlelo, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nā ʻōlelo no ka mea, maopopo ke kapa ʻia ka mea like ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai ua like kona manaʻo.
ʻElua ʻano nui o ka semantics:
- La semantics like ʻole: E aʻo i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo ma kahi manawa a me kahi kikoʻī.
No ka laʻana, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "cocktail" i kēia mau lā ma ke kahua gastronomy, he hoʻomākaukau wai i haku ʻia me ka hui ʻana o nā mea inu i hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- La diachronic semantics: Ke aʻo ʻana i hana ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa o ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo a me nā ʻōlelo a me nā loli i hana ʻia i ka manawa.
I ka makahiki 1806 ua ʻike mākou i ka wehewehe mua ʻana a i ʻole ka wehewehe ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo "cocktail" i wehewehe ʻia he "waiʻona hoʻouluulu i haku ʻia me kahi distillate o kēlā me kēia ʻano, ke kō, ka wai a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa, a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he "maʻa ʻawaʻawa". ʻAʻole i kuhikuhi mua ʻia ka huaʻōlelo cocktail (ʻaʻole i "cocktail") i nā hoʻomākaukau āpau i uhi ʻia e ka huaʻōlelo "cocktails", akā he hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻomākaukau.
Nā mea i pili i nā manaʻo o:
- Denotation: ʻo ia ka manaʻo ma ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo, he manaʻo maʻamau a maʻamau no nā mea ʻōlelo a pau. No ka laʻana, noho. ʻO ka noho kahi hana lāʻau maʻamau me ʻekolu a ʻehā mau wāwae i hoʻohana ʻia e noho ai. A ʻo ia ke koʻikoʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e ka poʻe ʻōlelo o ka hapa nui o nā ʻōlelo ma ka honua.
- Hōʻikeʻike: ʻo ia ke ʻano kumuhana a ka mea haʻiʻōlelo hoʻokahi e hoʻohana ai i kahi pōʻaiapili. No ka laʻana, "Natural" i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka ʻepekema, kekahi o ka ʻoihana meaʻai, a mea kūʻai paha. He ʻokoʻa loa nā manaʻo a lākou e hoʻohana ai i ka huaʻōlelo.
La Lexical semantics e aʻo i ka pilina ma waena o nā huaʻōlelo like ʻole me kekahi mau ʻano manaʻo maʻamau, e like me:
- monosemi: hoʻokahi manaʻo no nā huaʻōlelo. Mahiai: He kanaka hoolaa i ka mahiai a mahiai paha.
- Polysemy: hiki ke loaʻa nā manaʻo like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻuala ke ʻano he ʻuala a i ʻole kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole paha ka hana. A i ʻole ka meaʻai i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano noʻeau a i ʻole ke ala kūikawā o ka kuke ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāina a me kēlā me kēia kuke. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana a i ʻole kahi o ka hale kahi i kuke ʻia ai ka meaʻai. A i ʻole e like me ka mea hana e like me ke kapuahi, me nā kapuahi a i ʻole ke ahi a i kekahi manawa he umu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke wela me ka lanahu, gas, uila, etc.
- ʻO Homonymy: ʻokoʻa nā manaʻo no nā huaʻōlelo i like ke ʻano a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo like ʻana. Pipi: holoholona, a me ke kaupaku o ke kaʻa. Uku: ʻano pipiʻi; alo.
- ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻa inoa: like loa na huaolelo, aka, okoa ko lakou manao: ke kanaka a me ka poohiwi, kako a me ka koko, a pela aku.
- Synonymy: ke like ka manaʻo o nā huaʻōlelo, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa loa lākou, no ka laʻana ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ke aʻo ʻana.
- ʻŌlelo hoʻopaʻapaʻa: nā manaʻo kūʻē, e like me ke ao momona a me ka honua paʻakai, wela a me ke anu
Ke noʻonoʻo nei ka semantics i nā loli o ka manaʻo e like me: