El huaʻōlelo, a i ʻole nā ​​huaʻōlelo, ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo o ka ʻōlelo, ka hana, ke kahua semantic a i ʻole ka ʻāina. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i ka lexicon ka aʻo ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo ponoʻī.

I loko o ka lexicon:

ʻO ka Morphology ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o loko o nā huaʻōlelo.

• El lexeme a moʻa paha ʻo ia ka ʻāpana morphological e hāʻawi i ka nucleus o ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo.
• ka morphemes ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻāpana morphological e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo i mea hoʻokō i ka lexeme.

ʻO ka Etymology ke aʻo ʻana i ke kumu a me ka ulu ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo i loko o ka mōʻaukala

• ka ʻōlelo hoʻoilina ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala kūlohelohe o ka ʻōlelo
• ka nā loina he mau huaʻōlelo i loaʻa mai ka ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe me ka pili ʻole
• ka neologism ʻo nā huaʻōlelo hou loa i haku ʻia a ʻaiʻē ʻia a ʻaʻole i hoʻohui ʻia.
• ka archaisms he mau ʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia a nalowale ke ʻano.

ʻO ka Lexicology ka lālā o ka linguistic e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i ka lexicon, nā huaʻōlelo.

ʻO ka Lexicography ka lālā o ka linguistic noiʻi e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā puke wehewehe. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka pūʻulu manaʻo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu o nā puke wehewehe ʻōlelo, ko lākou ʻano hana, typology, compilation method, a i ʻole nā ​​loulou me nā aʻo ʻē aʻe i loko a i waho o ka linguistic.

La semantics e aʻo i ka manaʻo o nā huaʻōlelo, nā ʻōlelo, a me nā ʻōlelo, a me nā loli i ka manaʻo i loaʻa iā lākou i ka wā.

ʻO ka Semantics kekahi ʻāpana o semiotics, i loaʻa mai ka ʻatikala e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio i loko o nā hui kanaka, ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai maʻamau o nā ʻōnaehana hōʻailona, ​​​​i kumu no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hana a pau o ke kanaka.

Aia i loko o nā semantics:

• El manaʻo ʻo ia ka pilina ma waena o nā huaʻōlelo a me nā manaʻo.
• E hoʻoholo ʻo ia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana me ka akaka, ka pololei a me ka pololei i ke ʻano o kahi huaʻōlelo a i ʻole ke ʻano o kekahi kanaka a mea paha
• Una manaʻo ʻo kēlā me kēia manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo e like me nā pōʻaiapili
• Una wehewehe He manaʻo ia e hoʻāʻo ʻia e hōʻike ma ke ʻano univocal a me ka pololei o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka manaʻo a i ʻole ka huaʻōlelo a i ʻole ka manaʻo o kahi ʻōlelo a ʻōlelo paha.
• Un kahua semantic ʻO ia ka pūʻulu o nā huaʻōlelo a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōlelo i pili pono kekahi i kekahi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻāpala, ka ʻalani, ka ʻōmato, ka kukumba ... hoʻokumu i hoʻokahi māla semantic i ka wā e pili ana i "nā hua o kahi mea kanu"
• I ka nānā ʻana i ka semantic o kahi huaʻōlelo, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo nā ʻōlelo no ka mea, maopopo ke kapa ʻia ka mea like ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai ua like kona manaʻo.

ʻElua ʻano nui o ka semantics:

• La semantics like ʻole: E aʻo i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo ma kahi manawa a me kahi kikoʻī.

• La diachronic semantics: Ke aʻo ʻana i hana ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa o ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo a me nā ʻōlelo a me nā loli i hana ʻia i ka manawa.

Nā mea i pili i nā manaʻo o:

• Denotation: ʻo ia ka manaʻo ma ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo, he manaʻo maʻamau a maʻamau no nā mea ʻōlelo a pau. No ka laʻana, noho. ʻO ka noho kahi hana lāʻau maʻamau me ʻekolu a ʻehā mau wāwae i hoʻohana ʻia e noho ai. A ʻo ia ke koʻikoʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e ka poʻe ʻōlelo o ka hapa nui o nā ʻōlelo ma ka honua.
• Hōʻikeʻike: ʻo ia ke ʻano kumuhana a ka mea haʻiʻōlelo hoʻokahi e hoʻohana ai i kahi pōʻaiapili. No ka laʻana, "Natural" i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka ʻepekema, kekahi o ka ʻoihana meaʻai, a mea kūʻai paha. He ʻokoʻa loa nā manaʻo a lākou e hoʻohana ai i ka huaʻōlelo.

La Lexical semantics e aʻo i ka pilina ma waena o nā huaʻōlelo like ʻole me kekahi mau ʻano manaʻo maʻamau, e like me:

• monosemi: hoʻokahi manaʻo no nā huaʻōlelo. Mahiai: He kanaka hoolaa i ka mahiai a mahiai paha.
• Polysemy: hiki ke loaʻa nā manaʻo like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻuala ke ʻano he ʻuala a i ʻole kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole paha ka hana. A i ʻole ka meaʻai i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano noʻeau a i ʻole ke ala kūikawā o ka kuke ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāina a me kēlā me kēia kuke. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana a i ʻole kahi o ka hale kahi i kuke ʻia ai ka meaʻai. A i ʻole e like me ka mea hana e like me ke kapuahi, me nā kapuahi a i ʻole ke ahi a i kekahi manawa he umu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke wela me ka lanahu, gas, uila, etc.
• ʻO Homonymy: ʻokoʻa nā manaʻo no nā huaʻōlelo i like ke ʻano a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo like ʻana. Pipi: holoholona, ​​a me ke kaupaku o ke kaʻa. Uku: ʻano pipiʻi; alo.
• ʻōlelo hoʻopaʻa inoa: like loa na huaolelo, aka, okoa ko lakou manao: ke kanaka a me ka poohiwi, kako a me ka koko, a pela aku.
• Synonymy: ke like ka manaʻo o nā huaʻōlelo, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa loa lākou, no ka laʻana ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ke aʻo ʻana.
• ʻŌlelo hoʻopaʻapaʻa: nā manaʻo kūʻē, e like me ke ao momona a me ka honua paʻakai, wela a me ke anu

Ke noʻonoʻo nei ka semantics i nā loli o ka manaʻo e like me:

Manaʻo ʻia ma waho o ka lexicon a me nā semantics:

• ka nā manaʻo he mau hōʻike noʻonoʻo lākou o nā mea maoli. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma o ke kaʻina koho o nā ʻano kūpono e wehewehe i ke ʻano o nā mea paʻa o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Mai ka nānā ʻana i nā mea pākahi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano maʻamau a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ʻike i kahi ʻano mea a i ʻole ka māhele abstract.