Kumasulira kumeneku kumangochitika mwadzidzidzi
NJIRA YOPHUNZITSIRA
ZINTHU ZAMBIRI
Njira yadongosolo ya Sapiens imatengera chiphunzitso cha machitidwe, gawo lazambiri lazambiri lomwe limaperekedwa pophunzira machitidwe. Dongosolo lingatanthauzidwe ngati gulu lililonse lazinthu zolumikizana komanso zodalirana.
Gawo lachidziwitso ili limachokera ku biology, makamaka mu chiphunzitso cha machitidwe a katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Ludwig von Bertalanffy, yemwe wakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu m'magulu ambiri a sayansi kupitirira biology, ndipo akupitirizabe kukhala umboni wofunikira pakuwunika. mitundu ya machitidwe.
Chilichonse chili mkati mwa dongosolo, ndipo machitidwe amapangidwa ndi machitidwe ena. Poyambirira, Big Bang inayambitsa machitidwe oyambirira, omwe ali ndi machitidwe ena.
Chilengedwe ndi dongosolo lomwe lili ndi machitidwe ena, monga dongosolo lopangidwa ndi zamoyo: tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, bowa,
zomera, nyama ... Kusinthika kwa zamoyo kwapanga magawo atsopano, ena ovuta kwambiri, monga nyama.
Munthu aliyense, thupi lililonse laumunthu, ndilo dongosolo, lopangidwa ndi machitidwe angapo: kupuma, lymphatic system, mitsempha ... machitidwe onsewa amakhalanso ogwirizana. Ngakhale selo limodzi ndi dongosolo lokhala ndi zinthu zingapo zogwirizana.
Chiphunzitso cha machitidwe chasintha, ndipo maziko omwewo agwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe anthu amachita, ku machitidwe a chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso ku chuma ndi bizinesi, makamaka ndi zopereka za Peter Senge, yemwe wapanga lingaliro la bungwe la bizinesi monga dongosolo ndipo kaganizidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe, chimango cha malingaliro ozikidwa pa chiphunzitso cha machitidwe, ndi lingaliro la mabungwe anzeru, kapena mabungwe omwe ali machitidwe omwe amatha kuphunzira.
Kuyambira pamalingaliro oyambira amalingaliro amalingaliro ndi machitidwe amachitidwe, tapanga kutanthauzira kwathu komwe timaphatikiza zomwe taphunzira munjira yathu yonse, zomwe tazitcha "kuganiza mozungulira moyandikana", ndi pempho lofunsira pamlingo wofikirika.
Chiphunzitso cha Systems sichidziwika bwino kwa anthu wamba koma chodziwika bwino pankhani ya sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo pali akatswiri a chiphunzitso cha machitidwe makamaka pankhani yazamalonda, ndi uinjiniya, makamaka mu sayansi ya makompyuta, koma akatswiriwa amazigwiritsa ntchito kuzinthu zenizeni. kumunda komanso pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Ndi Sapiens, tikupangira chiwembu choti tigwiritse ntchito m'njira yodutsa komanso pamlingo wotsika mtengo.
Kutanthauzira kwathu kwa kuganiza kwadongosolo kumakhazikika pazamalonda, ndipo timazigawa m'magulu awiri akulu. Kumbali imodzi, chinthu chophunzirira chiyenera kuikidwa muzochitika zake, kuphatikizapo chilengedwe, umunthu ndi zochita za munthu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo dziko lonse la zachuma ndi zamalonda. Kumbali inayi, kusanthula kwadongosolo kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani.
Pali makampani ena omwe ali ndi ubale wachindunji ndi chilengedwe kapena anthu, mwachitsanzo makampani opanga mphamvu kapena makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi makampani ena omwe alibe ubale wachindunji. Koma makampani onse amakambirana ndi chilengedwe ndipo ayenera kuganizira zokhazikika, ndipo ali ndi anthu omwe ali mbali ya gulu lawo ndi makasitomala, ndipo ayenera kuganizira gawo laumunthu.
Choyamba, tili ndi taxonomy kuti tiyike chinthu chophunzirira mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa Dziko lapansi pali mlengalenga, hydrosphere, geosphere ndi biosphere, mkati mwa biosphere ndi magulu ake, pali zomera ndi zinyama, ndipo mkati mwa zinyama, muli anthu ndi nyama zina.
Chachiwiri, taxonomy kukhala chinthu kuphunzira poyerekezera ndi
munthu. Timasiyanitsa pakati pa mawonekedwe a thupi, ndi thupi ndi machitidwe ake, ndi
zamatsenga, ndi malingaliro, ndipo timawunikiranso mbali monga zomverera
ndi kuphunzira.
Chachitatu, ma taxonomies kuti apeze chinthu chophunzirira mogwirizana ndi zomwe munthu amachita. Poyambira ndi zosowa zaumunthu. Mwachitsanzo: kuberekana, kupuma, kudyetsa, kulingalira, kukhulupirira, kufuna chikondi, kupeza ndalama ...
Zofunikira zimakwaniritsidwa kudzera muzochita, kufunikira kwa zinthu, ndi kuyambitsa ntchito. Kuyika zochitika, komanso makamaka ntchito zachuma, timagwiritsa ntchito National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE).
Zochita zithanso kugawidwa molingana ndi ntchito. Pankhaniyi, gulu la ntchito zamaluso zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu Economic Activities Tax (IAE) zitha kutengedwa ngati zofotokozera, zomwe ndi gulu lomwe akatswiri onse odzilemba okha amayenera kutsatira.
Mofananamo, ntchito zitha kugawidwa m'magulu amaphunziro. Pamenepa, zomwe timatchula ndi UNESCO Nomenclature (yovomerezeka: International Standard Nomenclature for the fields of science and technology).
Pomaliza, Sapiens ikuperekanso ndondomeko yakeyake ya madera malinga ndi momwe anthu amaonera, zomwe zili ndi madera ake.
Pomaliza, machitidwe a kampani, omwe ali ndi zinthu zingapo, zina zomwe ndi machitidwe, monga kukonzekera, bungwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kapena machitidwe odziwa zambiri, ndi ena omwe si machitidwe, monga ntchito, masomphenya ndi makhalidwe abwino. Magawo onse a taxonomic awa ndi olumikizidwa ndipo ndi omwe angatitsogolere mu phunziro lathu lonse, momwe tidzasungira ndikugwirizanitsa, ndi ndondomeko yowonongeka yomwe ingatithandize ndipo idzakhala mtsogoleri wathu.
