El isichazimagama, okanye isigama, yiseti yamagama olwimi, umsebenzi, icandelo lesemantic okanye ummandla. Uphononongo lwesichazi-magama lufundo lwamagama ngokwawo.

Ngaphakathi kwesichazi-magama:

I-Morphology lufundo lwesakhiwo sangaphakathi samagama.

• El lexeme okanye ingcambu yiyunithi yemofoloji enika undoqo wentsingiselo yegama.
• Los imofu zikwayiyunithi yemofoloji enika intsingiselo njengokuhambelana neleksemi.

I-Etymology kuphononongo lwemvelaphi kunye nokuvela kwegama kwimbali yonke

• Las amazwi elifa ziziphumo zendalo yendalo yolwimi
• Los mboleko Ngamagama aphuma kolunye ulwimi ngaphandle kobudlelwane obuthe ngqo
• Los neologisms ngawona magama adalwe mva nje okanye abolekiweyo kwaye awakadityaniswa.
• Los izinto zakudala Ngamagama angasasetyenziswayo okanye aphulukene nentsingiselo yawo.

I-Lexicology lisebe le-linguistics elijongene nofundo lwe-lexicon, amagama.

I-Lexicography lisebe le-applied linguistics elijongene nokwakhiwa kwezichazi-magama. Ikwabandakanya yonke isethi yohlahlelo lwethiyori malunga nemvelaphi yezichazi-magama, ulwakhiwo lwazo olusesikweni, i-typology, iindlela zokuhlanganisa, okanye amakhonkco namanye amacandelo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kolwimi.

La iisemantics ufunda iintsingiselo zamagama, amabinzana kunye nezivakalisi, kunye notshintsho kwintsingiselo abayifumana ekuhambeni kwexesha.

I-Semantics yinxalenye ye-semiotics, ephuma kwifilosofi ejongene neenkqubo zonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu lwabantu, ukufunda iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeenkqubo zemiqondiso, njengesiseko sokuqonda yonke imisebenzi yabantu.

I-Semantics ibandakanya:

• El intsingiselo lunxulumano phakathi kwamagama neengqiqo.
• Chaza kukulungisa ngokucacileyo, ngokuchaneka nangokuchaneka intsingiselo yegama okanye ubume bomntu okanye into
• Omnye intsingiselo yintsingiselo nganye yegama ngokwemixholo
• Omnye inkcazo Sisindululo ekuzanywa ngaso ukutyhila ngendlela ecacileyo nechanekileyo yokuqonda ingqikelelo okanye igama okanye isichazi-magama sentetho okanye indawo.
• Un indawo yesemantic liqela lamagama okanye amabinzana anolwalamano olusondeleyo omnye komnye. Ngokomzekelo, i-apula, i-orange, i-tomato, i-cucumber ... yenza intsimi enye ye-semantic xa ibhekisela "kwiziqhamo zesityalo"
• Kuhlalutyo lwe-semantic lwegama, kuyimfuneko ukuthathela ingqalelo iilwimi ekubeni ngokucacileyo into enye inokubizwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nokuba intsingiselo yayo iyafana.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zesemantics:

• La i-synchronous semantics: Funda intsingiselo yamagama ngexesha kunye nendawo.

• La iisemantics zediyakhronic: Uphononongo olwenziwayo olusekwe phezu kwenguquko ekuhambeni kwexesha kwentsingiselo yamagama kunye nentetho kunye notshintsho olwenzeke ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ezinxulunyaniswa neengqiqo ezi:

• Denotation: yintsingiselo kwisichazi-magama, intsingiselo esesikweni neqhelekileyo kubo bonke abathethi. Umzekelo, isitulo. Isitulo sisakhiwo esenziwe ngomthi ngokubanzi esinemilenze emithathu okanye emine esetyenziselwa ukuhlala. Yiyo ke loo ntsingiselo ithethwa zizithethi zeelwimi ezininzi emhlabeni.
• Intsingiselo: yintsingiselo eyintloko esetyenziswa sisithethi esinye kwimeko ethile. Umzekelo, "Indalo" kuxhomekeke ekubeni isazinzulu, umntu osuka kwishishini lokutya okanye umthengi uthetha. Ngokuqinisekileyo iintetho abaza kuzenza xa besebenzisa igama ziya kwahluka kakhulu.

La i-lexical semantics ifunda ubudlelwane phakathi kwamagama ahlukeneyo aneempawu zentsingiselo eqhelekileyo, ezinje:

• monosemy: intsingiselo enye yamagama. Umlimi: Umntu ozinikele ekulimeni okanye ekuhlakuleleni umhlaba.
• Ipolysemy: Amagama anokuba neentsingiselo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Iitapile inokuthetha i-tuber okanye into ekumgangatho ophantsi okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Okanye i-cuisine echazwa njengobugcisa okanye indlela ekhethekileyo yokupheka kwilizwe ngalinye kunye nompheki ngamnye. Njengegumbi okanye igumbi endlwini apho kuphekwa khona ukutya. Okanye njengesixhobo esisebenza njengesitovu, esinezitovu okanye izitshisi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-oveni. Unokutshisa ngamalahle, igesi, umbane, njl.
• Homonymy: Iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo zamagama apelwa ngokufanayo okanye abizwe ngokufanayo. Inkomo: isilwanyana, kunye nophahla lwemoto. Kuyabiza: kuyabiza noko; ubuso.
• i-paronymy: amagama afana kakhulu, kodwa intsingiselo yawo yahlukile: indoda kunye nehlombe, i-caco kunye ne-coco, njl.
• Isithethantonye: xa amagama enentsingiselo efanayo, nangona ebonakala ehluke kakhulu, umzekelo imfundo noqeqesho.
• Isichasi: iintsingiselo ezichaseneyo, njengelizwe elimnandi kunye nehlabathi elinetyuwa, elibandayo nelishushu

ISemantics icinga ngotshintsho lwentsingiselo efana nale:

Ithathelwa ingqalelo ngaphandle kwesichazi-magama kunye nesemantiki:

• Los ngcamango ziziimpawu zengqondo zezinto ngokwenyani. Zenziwa ngenkqubo yokukhetha iimpawu ezifanelekileyo ezichaza uluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo ngokwenyani. Ukususela ekubonweni kwezinto zomntu ngamnye, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zichongiwe kwaye zikhutshwe ukuchonga uhlobo lwento okanye udidi olungabonakaliyo.