Olu guqulelo luzenzekelayo
INDLELA YENKQUBO
ULWAZI OLUNYE
Indlela yenkqubo yeSapiens isekwe kwithiyori yeenkqubo, inkalo yethiyori yezifundo ezahlukeneyo ezinikezelwe kuphononongo lweenkqubo. Inkqubo inokuchazwa njengayo nayiphi na isethi yezinto ezinxulumeneyo nezixhomekeke kwezinye.
Lo mmandla wethiyori unemvelaphi yayo kwibhayoloji, kwaye ngokukodwa kwithiyori yenkqubo ngokubanzi yesazi sebhayoloji uLudwig von Bertalanffy, oye waba nefuthe elikhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi zenzululwazi ngaphaya kwebhayoloji, kwaye eqhubeka isisiseko esisisiseko kuhlalutyo lwazo zonke iintlobo. yeenkqubo.
Nantoni na ingaphakathi kwinkqubo, kwaye iinkqubo zenziwe zezinye iinkqubo. Ekuqaleni, iBig Bang yavelisa iinkqubo zokuqala, ezithi nazo ziqulathe ezinye iinkqubo.
Indalo ngokubanzi nayo yinkqubo apho kukho ezinye iinkqubo, ezifana nenkqubo eyenziwe ngabantu abaphilayo: i-microorganisms, i-fungi,
izityalo, izilwanyana... Ukuvela kwezinto eziphilayo kuye kwavelisa iinkqubo ezingaphantsi, ezinye ezintsonkothileyo, ezifana nezo zezilwanyana.
Umntu ngamnye, umzimba womntu ngamnye, uyinkqubo, eyakhiwe ngokutshintshana kweenkqubo ezininzi: inkqubo yokuphefumula, inkqubo ye-lymphatic, inkqubo ye-nervous ... Zonke ezi nkqubo zikwadibaniswe omnye komnye. Kwaneseli enye yinkqubo enezinto eziliqela ezidityanisiweyo enye kwenye.
Ithiyori yeeNkqubo iye yaguquka, kwaye isiseko esifanayo sisetyenziswe kwizinto ezenziwa ngabantu, kwiinkqubo zentlalo, kwaye ngoko ke nakwizoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino, ngokukodwa ngegalelo likaPeter Senge, oye waphuhlisa ingcamango yombutho wezoshishino njengoko. inkqubo kwaye wenze isindululo sokucinga ngokwenkqubo, isakhelo sokucinga esisekwe kwithiyori yeenkqubo, kunye nengqikelelo yemibutho ekrelekrele, okanye imibutho eneenkqubo ezikwaziyo ukufunda.
Ukuqala kwiingcamango ezisisiseko zethiyori yeenkqubo kunye nokucinga kwenkqubo, siye saphuhlisa ukutolika kwethu, apho sidibanisa oko sikufundileyo kuwo wonke umsebenzi wethu, esiwubize ngokuba "yingcinga yenkqubo yobumelwane", kunye nesiphakamiso sesicelo kwinqanaba elifikelelekayo.
Ithiyori yeeNkqubo iyaziwa kancinci luluntu ngokubanzi kodwa iyaziwa kakhulu kwicandelo lezenzululwazi zentlalo, kwaye kukho iingcali kwiithiyori zeenkqubo, ngakumbi kwicandelo loshishino, nobunjineli, ngakumbi kwisayensi yekhompyuter, kodwa ezi ngcali ziyisebenzisa kakhulu. indawo ethile kwaye kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu. NgeSapiens, sicebisa iskimu sokusisebenzisa ngendlela enqamlezileyo kwaye kwinqanaba elifikelelekayo.
Ukutolikwa kwethu kwenkqubo yokucinga kugxininise kwihlabathi lezoshishino, kwaye siyahlula kwiibhloko ezimbini ezinkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, into yokufunda kufuneka ibekwe kwimeko yayo, kuquka indalo, umntu kunye nesenzo somntu, okubandakanya ihlabathi lonke lezoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino. Kwelinye icala, uhlalutyo lwenkqubo kufuneka lusetyenziswe kwinkqubo yenkampani.
Kukho ezinye iinkampani ezinobudlelwane obuthe ngqo nendalo okanye nabantu, umzekelo amandla okanye iinkampani zamayeza, kunye nezinye iinkampani ezingenabo obu budlelwane buthe ngqo. Kodwa zonke iinkampani zixoxisana nendalo kwaye kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo ukuzinza, kwaye zinabantu abayinxalenye yeqela labo kunye nabathengi, kwaye kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo icandelo lomntu.
Okokuqala, sine-taxonomy yokubeka into yokufunda ngokumalunga nendalo. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphakathi koMhlaba kukho i-atmosfera, i-hydrosphere, i-geosphere kunye ne-biosphere, ngaphakathi kwe-biosphere kunye ne-subcategories yayo, kukho izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, kwaye ngaphakathi kwezilwanyana, kukho abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana.
Okwesibini, i-taxonomy yokubeka into yokufunda ngokunxulumene
ukubangumntu. Sahlula phakathi kwembonakalo yomzimba, kunye nomzimba kunye neenkqubo zawo, kunye ne
Inkalo yengqondo, ngengqondo, kwaye sikwaqaqambisa imiba efana neemvakalelo
nokufunda.
Okwesithathu, iitaxonomi ukubeka into yokufunda ngokunxulumene nento eyenziwa ngabantu. Isiqalo ziimfuno zomntu. Umzekelo: velisa kwakhona, phefumla, wondla, cinga, yiba neenkolelo, funa uthando, fumana imali...
Iimfuno zaneliswa ngezenzo, ezifuna izinto, nezithi zibangele imisebenzi. Ukwahlula imisebenzi, kwaye ngokukodwa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, sisebenzisa i-National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE).
Imisebenzi inokwahlulwa ngokwemisebenzi yobungcali. Kule meko, ulwahlulo lwemisebenzi yobuchwephesha ebandakanyiweyo kwiRhafu yeMisebenzi yezoQoqosho (IAE) inokuthathwa njengesalathiso, esiluhlelo ukuba zonke iingcali ezizisebenzelayo kufuneka zifake isicelo.
Ngokufanayo, imisebenzi ingahlelwa ngokwezifundo. Kule meko, ireferensi yethu yi-UNESCO Nomenclature (ngokusemthethweni: I-Standard International Nomenclature for the Fields of Science and Technology).
Okokugqibela, i-Sapiens ikwaphakamisa eyayo i-taxonomy yeendawo ngokwembono yoluntu, nganye ineendawo ezingaphantsi kwayo.
Okokugqibela, iinkqubo zenkampani, eziqulethe izinto ezininzi, ezinye zazo ziinkqubo, ezinjengocwangciso, ulungiselelo kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza okanye inkqubo yamava, kunye nezinye ezingezizo iinkqubo, ezinje ngobuthunywa, umbono kunye nemilinganiselo. Zonke ezi ndidi ze-taxonomic zixhunyiwe kwaye zizo eziya kusikhokela kwisifundo sethu sonke, apho siya kugcina kwaye sidibanise, kunye nesalathisi esaphukileyo esiya kusinceda kwaye sibe sisikhokelo sethu.
