Yintoni na?

Inkqubo yezembali ijolise kwimvelaphi nakwindaleko yesifundo esifundwayo, kwaye ichazwe ngokulandelelana kwamaxesha kunye neembalasane.

Indlela ngokukhawuleza

Ulwazi yinto yenkcubeko kunye nembali, enxulunyaniswa nendawo kunye nexesha esizifumana sikulo. Sidibanisa kulwazi lwethu izinto ezifikelelekayo kuthi, kwaye oku kuyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kubalulekile ukuba yonke into ibhalwe phantsi. Ingxaki enkulu, yolwazi, kukuba akukho datha. Oku kuhlala kusenzeka, umzekelo, xa ufunda iPaleolithic, Neolithic, okanye impucuko yakudala. Omnye umzekelo kukuba akukho iresiphi ye-canonical ye-omelette yaseSpain.

Kubalulekile ukuba wazi imbali engaphaya kwesihloko esifundwayo. Ukuba nenkcubeko ngokubanzi kunye nokwazi imbali yoluntu, kwinqanaba elincinci, kubalulekile ukuqonda nantoni na, kuba izinto zihlala zinxulumene nomxholo wazo.

Zisenzela ziphi iinjongo?

Ukwazi i imvelaphi kunye nendaleko yesihloko esifundwayo.
ukuba nzulu kuhlalutyo lwento nganye echongiweyo kwezinye iindlela ezivela kumbono wembali, kunye nokuvela kwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Uvelisa ziphi iziphumo?

Imephu yezembali, ngokulandelelana kwamaxesha kunye neziganeko ezibangele ukutshintsha kweparadigm.

INDLELA YEMBALI, INYATHELO NGENYATHELO

1

Ukuqokelela okunokwenzeka imithombo yamaxwebhu ifanelekile ngokunxulumene nemvelaphi kunye nokuvela kwembali yesifundo esifundwayo.

2

Faka isicelo se Uhlalutyo okanye ukugxeka imithombo yolwazi, Ukuqala ngento ekuthiwa ukugxeka kwangaphandle, ngakumbi ngakumbi ekuthiwa ukugxeka okukhulu: indawo ngexesha okanye ukuthandana, indawo kwindawo, ukubhala kunye nemvelaphi yomthombo ngamnye wamaxwebhu.

3

Nantsi into ekuthiwa kukugxeka okuncinci: vavanya ukuthembeka komthombo ngamnye Uxwebhu olukwimo yalo yoqobo.

4

Kwaye ukugqibezela uhlalutyo lomthombo, okubizwa ngokuba kukugxeka kwangaphakathi: funda kwaye uvavanye ukuthembeka kunye nexabiso ubungqina bomxholo wexwebhu ngalinye.

5

Yenza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-historiographic synthesis, ngokusebenzisa iingcamango zembali. Koko kukuthi: qulunqa, ze bavelise iingcinga-ngqondo ezichazayo.

6

Guqula ii-hypotheses ezichazayo zibe yi Umda wexesha elibalulekileyo ezibangele ukutshintsha kweparadigm, ukuqala ngokuchongwa kwezi zigaba, ezinganyanzelekanga ukuba zibe zezona zithathwa njengezona zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa endaweni yoko kunyanzelekile ukuba uzenzele ukhetho ngokwendlela yokutshintsha kweparadigm.

7

Ukusuka ekuchongweni kwamanyathelo abalulekileyo abangele ukutshintsha kweparadigm, ezi zichongiwe Utshintsho lweparadigm kunye neparadigms, kunye nenqanaba layo lokwexeshana kunye neempawu zalo ezichaziweyo kufuneka zichongiwe.

8

Okokugqibela, phuhlisa uxwebhu olusemthethweni ngokuhlelwa, kwaye bamele izinto kunye nobudlelwane babo phakathi kwabo kwimaphu yeengcinga.

UNXIBELELWANO PHAKATHI KWEENDLELA