El isichazamazwi, noma ulwazimagama, isethi yamagama olimi, umsebenzi, inkambu ye-semantic noma isifunda. Ucwaningo lwesichazamazwi wukufunda amagama ngokwawo.

Ngaphakathi kwesichazamazwi:

I-Morphology wucwaningo lwesakhiwo sangaphakathi samagama.

• El lexeme noma impande yiyunithi ye-morphological ehlinzeka nge-nucleus yencazelo yegama.
• I-Los imofu futhi zingamayunithi e-morphological ahlinzeka ngencazelo njengokuhambisana ne-lexeme.

I-Etymology iwucwaningo lomsuka nokuvela kwegama kuwo wonke umlando

• I-Las amagama amagugu ziwumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kolimi
• I-Los mboleko amagama aphuma kolunye ulimi angenabo ubudlelwano obuqondile
• I-Los neologisms amagama asanda kwakhiwa noma abolekiwe futhi angakahlanganiswa.
• I-Los ama-archaisms angamagama angasasetshenziswa noma alahlekelwe incazelo yawo.

I-Lexicology igatsha lezilimi ezibhekene nocwaningo lwesichazamazwi, amagama.

I-Lexicography igatsha le-Applied linguistics elibhekene nokwakhiwa kwezichazamazwi. Kuphinde kuhlanganise lonke iqoqo lokuhlaziya kwethiyori mayelana nemvelaphi yezichazamazwi, ukwakheka kwazo okusemthethweni, uhlobo lwe-typology, izindlela zokuhlanganisa, noma izixhumanisi neminye imikhakha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezilimi.

La i-semantics funda izincazelo zamagama, izinkulumo, nemisho, kanye noshintsho encazelweni abayitholayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Semantics iyingxenye ye-semiotics, ephuma kufilosofi ephathelene nezinhlelo zokuxhumana phakathi kwemiphakathi yabantu, ifunda izici ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo zezimpawu, njengesisekelo sokuqonda yonke imisebenzi yabantu.

Ngaphakathi kwe-semantics kuhlanganisa:

• El incazelo uwubudlelwano phakathi kwamagama nemiqondo.
• Chaza ukulungisa ngokucacile, ngokunemba nangokunemba incazelo yegama noma imvelo yomuntu noma into
• Una incazelo iyincazelo ngayinye yegama ngokwezimo
• Una nencazelo Kuyisiphakamiso lapho kuzanywa khona ukuveza ngendlela evumelana nezwi kanye nangokunemba ukuqonda komqondo noma igama noma isichazamazwi senkulumo noma indawo.
• Un inkambu ye-semantic Iqoqo lamagama noma izinkulumo ezihlobene eduze. Isibonelo, i-apula, i-orange, utamatisi, ikhukhamba ... yakha insimu eyodwa ye-semantic lapho ibhekisela "esithelweni sesitshalo"
• Ekuhlaziyeni i-semantic yetemu, kufanele ucabangele izilimi njengoba ngokusobala into efanayo ingabizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, nakuba incazelo yayo ifana.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-semantics:

• La i-synchronous semantics: Funda incazelo yamagama ngesikhathi nendawo ethile.

• La i-diachronic semantics: Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngokusekelwe ekuguquguqukeni kwesikhathi sencazelo yamagama nezinkulumo kanye nezinguquko ezenzeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Okuxhunyaniswa nemiqondo yokuthi:

• Incazelo: incazelo esichazamazwini, incazelo ehlelekile nevamile yazo zonke izikhulumi. Ngokwesibonelo, isitulo. Isihlalo siwukwakhiwa kokhuni ngokuvamile esinemilenze emithathu noma emine esetshenziselwa ukuhlala. Futhi lokho ukubaluleka okunikezwe abakhuluma izilimi eziningi emhlabeni.
• Incazelo: incazelo eqondile esetshenziswa isikhulumi esisodwa kumongo othile. Isibonelo, "Okwemvelo" njengoba kukhulunywa usosayensi, othile embonini yokudla, noma umthengi. Ngokuqinisekile izincazelo abazozenza lapho besebenzisa igama zizohluka kakhulu.

La I-Lexical semantics funda ubudlelwano phakathi kwamagama ahlukene anezici ezithile zencazelo evamile, njengalezi:

• I-Monosemia: incazelo eyodwa yamagama. Umlimi: Umuntu ozinikele ekulimeni noma ekulimeni.
• I-Polysemy: amagama angaba nezincazelo eziningana ezahlukene. Izambane lingasho isigaxa noma into enezinga eliphansi noma ukusebenza kabi. Noma ukudla okuchazwa njengobuciko noma indlela ekhethekile yokupheka yezwe ngalinye kanye nompheki ngamunye. Njengengxenye noma indawo yendlu okuphekelwa kuyo ukudla. Noma njengethuluzi elisebenza njengesitofu, elinezitofu noma imililo futhi ngezinye izikhathi nohhavini. Ungakwazi ukushisa ngamalahle, igesi, ugesi, njll.
• I-Homonymy: izincazelo ezahlukene zamagama apelwe ngendlela efanayo noma aphinyiswe ngokufanayo. Inkomo: isilwane, nophahla lwemoto. Kuyabiza: kuyabiza kancane; ubuso.
• I-Paronymy: amagama afana kakhulu, kodwa incazelo yawo ihlukile: indoda nehlombe, i-caco ne-coco, njll.
• Amazwi afanayo: lapho amagama enencazelo efanayo, nakuba ebonakala ehluke kakhulu, isibonelo, imfundo nokuqeqeshwa.
• I-Antonymy: izincazelo eziphambene, njengezwe elimnandi nomhlaba onosawoti, kushisa nokubanda

I-semantics ibheka izinguquko zencazelo ezifana nalezi:

Kucatshangelwa ngaphandle kwesichazamazwi nesemantics:

• I-Los imiqondo ziyimifanekiso yengqondo yezinto ezingokoqobo. Zakhiwa ngenqubo yokukhetha izici ezifanele ezichaza uchungechunge lwezinto eziphathekayo ezingokoqobo. Kusukela ekuqaphelisweni kwezinto ngazinye, izici ezivamile zikhonjwa futhi zikhishwe ukuze kuhlonzwe uhlobo lwento noma isigaba esingabonakali.